Ace Lpi 010-160 Certification with Actual Questions May 25, 2026 Updated
2026 The Most Effective 010-160 with 80 Questions Answers
NEW QUESTION # 31
FILL BLANK
What keyword is used in a shell script to begin a loop? (Specify one keyword only, without any additional information.)
Answer:
Explanation:
for Explanation The keyword for is used in a shell script to begin a loop that iterates over a list of items or a range of numbers.
The syntax of the for loop is as follows:
for <var> in <list> do <commands> done
The variable <var> is assigned to each element of the <list> in turn, and the <commands> are executed for each iteration. The <list> can be a sequence of words, numbers, filenames, or other values. If the <list> is omitted, the for loop will iterate over the positional parameters ($1, $2, ...). The do and done keywords mark the beginning and the end of the loop body, respectively. The for loop is one of the three types of loops in shell scripting, along with the while and until loops. References: 1: Looping Statements |Shell Script - GeeksforGeeks 1 2: unix - Shell script "for" loop syntax - Stack Overflow 2 3: For Loop Shell Scripting - javatpoint 3
NEW QUESTION # 32
Which of the following commands are used to get information on the proper use of ls? (Choose two correct answers.)
- A. manual ls
- B. usage ls
- C. option ls
- D. info ls
- E. man ls
Answer: D,E
NEW QUESTION # 33
Why are web browser cookies considered dangerous?
- A. Cookies are always public and accessible to anyone on the internet.
- B. Cookies support identification and tracking of users.
- C. Cookies can contain and execute viruses and malware.
- D. Cookies store critical data which is lost when a cookie is deleted.
- E. Cookies consume significant amounts of storage and can exhaust disk space.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Web browser cookies are small pieces of data that are stored by a website on a user's browser. They are used to remember information about the user, such as preferences, login details, shopping cart items, etc. Cookies can also be used to identify and track users across different websites, which can have implications for privacy and security. For example, cookies can be used to show targeted ads based on the user's browsing history, or to collect personal information without the user's consent. Cookies are not inherently dangerous, but they can pose some risks if they are misused or compromised by malicious actors. References:
* Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI), section 1.4.2
* 1.4 Lesson 1 - Linux Professional Institute Certification Programs, slide 18
NEW QUESTION # 34
What is true about a recursive directory listing?
- A. It includes a preview of content for each file in the directory.
- B. It includes details of file system internals, such as inodes.
- C. It includes ownership information for the files.
- D. It includes the permissions of the directory listed.
- E. It includes the content of sub-directories.
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation
A recursive directory listing is a way of displaying the files and folders in a directory and all its sub-directories. The recursive option can be used with various commands, such as ls, find, or dir, to list the files recursively. For example, the command ls -R will list all the files and folders inthe current directory and any sub-directories, showing the hierarchy of the file system123 A recursive directory listing does not include the permissions, ownership, or file system details ofthe files, unless specified by other options. For example, the command ls -lR will list the files recursively and also show the permissions, ownership, size, and modification date of each file1 A recursive directory listing also does not include a preview of the content of each file, unless specified by other options. For example, the command ls -R --file-type will list the files recursively and also show the file type indicator, such as / for directories, * for executable files, @ for symbolic links, etc1 References: 1: ls (Unix) - Wikipedia 2: Recursively List all directories and files - Stack Overflow 3: Why is ls -R called "recursive" listing? - Ask Ubuntu
NEW QUESTION # 35
What is the preferred source for the installation of new applications in a Linux based operating system?
- A. A CD-ROM disk
- B. The distribution's package repository
- C. The vendor's version management system
- D. A retail store
- E. The vendor's website
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 36
Which of the following outputs comes from the command free?
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
- E.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 37
Which command adds the new usertuxand creates the user's home directory with default configuration files?
- A. usercreate tux
- B. useradd -o default tux
- C. useradd -m tux
- D. passwd -a tux
- E. defaultuser tux
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The useradd command in Linux is used to create new user accounts on the system1. The -m option tells the command to create the user's home directory as /home/username and copy the files from /etc/skel directory to the user's home directory2. The /etc/skel directory contains the default configuration files for new users3.
Therefore, the command useradd -m tux will add the new user tux and create the user's home directory with default configuration files. The other options are either invalid or do not create the user's home directory.
References:
* Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Objectives, Topic 1.4: Command Line Basics, Subtopic: Basic Shell Commands
* Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Preparation Guide, Section 1.4: Command Line Basics, Page 16
* Linux useradd Command Tutorial for Beginners (15 Examples)
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which of the following examples shows the general structure of a for loop in a shell script?
- A. for file in *.txt do
echo $i done - B. foreach @{file} { echo $i
} - C. for ls *.txt exec {} \;
- D. for *.txt ( echo $i )
- E. for *.txt as file => echo $file
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The general structure of a for loop in a shell script is as follows12:
for variable in list do commands done
The variable is the name of a loop counter or iterator that takes on the values of the items in the list. The list can be a sequence of words, numbers, filenames, or the output of a command. The commands are the body of the loop that are executed for each value of the variable. The do and done keywords mark the beginning and the end of the loop body.
The option C. for file in *.txt do echo $i done follows this structure, with the variable being file, the list being
*.txt (which matches all the files with the .txt extension in the current directory), and the command being echo
$i (which prints the value of the variable i, which is presumably set somewhere else in the script).
The other options are incorrect because:
* A. for *.txt as file => echo $file uses an invalid syntax for a for loop. The as keyword is not part of the shell script syntax, and the => symbol is not a valid operator. The correct way to write this loop would be:
for file in *.txt do echo $file done
* B. for *.txt ( echo $i ) uses an invalid syntax for a for loop. The parentheses are not part of the shell script syntax, and the loop body is missing the do and done keywords. The correct way to write this loop would be:
for i in *.txt do echo $i done
* D. for ls *.txt exec {} ; uses an invalid syntax for a for loop. The ls command is not a valid variable name, and the exec {} ; is not a valid command. This looks like a mix of a for loop and a find command.
The correct way to write this loop would be:
for file in *.txt do exec $file done
* E. foreach @{file} { echo $i } uses an invalid syntax for a for loop. The foreach keyword is not part of the shell script syntax, and the @{file} and { echo $i } are not valid expressions. This looks like a mix of a for loop and a Perl syntax. The correct way to write this loop would be:
for file in * do echo $file done
References:
* Looping Statements | Shell Script - GeeksforGeeks
* How do I write a 'for' loop in Bash? - Stack Overflow
NEW QUESTION # 39
Which of the following commands output the content of the file Texts 2.txt? (Choose two.)
- A. cat Texts\ 2.txt
- B. cat |Texts 2.txt|
- C. cat 'Texts\ 2.txt'
- D. cat 'Texts 2.txt'
- E. cat -- Texts 2.txt
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
The correct commands to output the content of the file Texts 2.txt are A and E. These commands use the cat command, which stands for concatenate, to display the content of one or more files. The cat command can take one or more filenames as arguments and print their content to the standard output (usually the terminal screen)12. The commands A and E use different ways to deal with the space character in the filename. The space character is a special character in Linux that separates words and commands. To prevent the shell from interpreting the space as a word separator, the commands A and E use either of the following methods34:
Option A uses single quotes (') around the filename to preserve the literal value of the space character. This tells the shell to treat the filename as a single argument and pass it to the cat command. For example: cat 'Texts 2.txt' Option E uses a backslash () before the space character to escape its special meaning. This tells the shell to ignore the space as a word separator and treat it as part of the filename. For example: cat Texts\ 2.txt The other options are incorrect because they use different syntax that do not output the content of the file. For example:
Option B uses a double dash (-) before the filename to indicate the end of options. This is usually used to prevent the shell from interpreting a filename that starts with a dash (-) as an option. However, in this case, the filename does not start with a dash, so the double dash is unnecessary and will cause the command to fail. For example: cat - Texts 2.txt Option C uses vertical bars (|) around the filename to indicate a pipe. A pipe is a way of connecting the output of one command to the input of another command. However, in this case, there is no command before or after the pipe, so the pipe is meaningless and will cause the command to fail. For example: cat |Texts 2.txt| Option D uses single quotes (') and a backslash () together around the filename. This is redundant and will cause the command to fail. The single quotes already preserve the literal value of the space character, so the backslash is not needed. Moreover, the backslash inside the single quotes will be treated as part of the filename, not as an escape character. For example: cat 'Texts\ 2.txt'
NEW QUESTION # 40
Which of the following are typical services offered by public cloud providers? (Choose three.)
- A. Internet as a Service(IaaS)
- B. Graphics as a Service (GaaS)
- C. Software as a Service (SaaS)
- D. Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS)
- E. Platform as a Service(PaaS)
Answer: C,D,E
NEW QUESTION # 41
How is a new Linux computing instance provisioned in an laaS cloud?
- A. The standard Linux installer has to be run through a remote console.
- B. The cloud hosting organization provides a set of pre-prepared images of popular Linux distributions.
- C. A provider-specific configuration file describing the desired installation is uploaded to the cloud provider.
- D. After buying a Linux distribution, its vendor delivers it to a cloud instance.
- E. The installation has to be prepared in a local virtual machine which is then copied to the cloud.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
In an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud, the provider offers virtualized computing resources such as servers, storage, and network over the internet. The user can provision and manage these resources according to their needs. One of the common ways to provision a new Linux computing instance in an IaaS cloud is to use a pre-prepared image of a Linux distribution provided by the cloud hosting organization. An image is a snapshot of a virtual machine that contains the operating system and other software components. The user can choose from a variety of images that suit their requirements and launch a new instance from the image. This way, the user does not have to install and configure the Linux operating system from scratch, which saves time and effort. Some examples of cloud hosting organizations that provide pre-prepared images of popular Linux distributions are Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP), and DigitalOcean. References: Linux Essentials - Topic 108: Cloud Computing and Linux Essentials - Topic 108:
Cloud Computing - Exam Objectives
NEW QUESTION # 42
What is true about arecursive directory listing?
- A. It includes details of file system internals, such as inodes.
- B. Itincludes a preview of content for each file in the directory.
- C. It includes ownership information for the files.
- D. It includes the permissions of the directory listed.
- E. It includes the content of sub-directories.
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION # 43
Where is the operating system of a Raspberry Pi stored?
- A. On a removable SD card which is put into the Raspberry Pi.
- B. On rewritable flash storage which is built into the Raspberry Pi.
- C. On a Linux extension module connected to the Raspberry Pi's GPIO pins.
- D. On a read only partition on the Raspberry Pi's firmware, next to the BIOS.
- E. On the master device attached to the Raspberry Pi's IDE bus.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The Raspberry Pi uses an SD card (or microSD card for newer models) as its main storage device. This means that the operating system and any other files are stored on the SD card, which can be easily inserted or removed from the Raspberry Pi. The SD card also allows the user to switch between different operating systems by using different cards or partitions. The Raspberry Pi does not have any internal storage, such as a hard disk drive or a solid state drive, nor does it use any external devices, such as an IDE bus, a firmware partition, or a GPIO module, to store the operating system. Reference:
Raspberry Pi OS - Raspberry Pi
Choosing Storage for Raspberry Pi - Kingston Technology
Beginner's Guide: How To Install a New OS on Raspberry Pi
NEW QUESTION # 44
What are the differences between hard disk drives and solid state disks? (Choose two correct answers.)
- A. Solid state disks can store many times as much data as hard disk drives.
- B. Solid state disks provide faster access to stored data than hard disks.
- C. Hard disks have a motor and moving parts, solid state disks do not.
- D. /dev/sdais a hard disk device while /dev/ssdais a solid state disk.
- E. Hard disks can fail due to physical damage, while solid state disks cannot fail.
Answer: B,C
NEW QUESTION # 45
Which of the following commands creates the ZIP archive poems.zip containing all files in the current directory whose names end in .txt?
- A. zcat *.txt poems.zip
- B. zip poems.zip *.txt
- C. zip cfz poems.zip *.txt
- D. cat *.txt | zip poems.zip
- E. zip *.txt > poems.zip
Answer: B
Explanation:
The zip command is used to create compressed archive files that can contain one or more files or directories. The zip command takes the name of the archive file as the first argument, followed by the names of the files or directories to be included in the archive. You can also use wildcards to match multiple files or directories with a common pattern. For example, the command zip poems.zip *.txt will create the ZIP archive poems.zip containing all files in the current directory whose names end in .txt. The other commands are either invalid or do not perform the desired operation. The command zip *.txt > poems.zip will try to create an archive for each file ending in .txt and redirect the output to poems.zip, which is not a valid archive file. The command zcat *.txt poems.zip will try to decompress and concatenate the contents of the files ending in .txt and poems.zip, which is not a valid ZIP file. The command zip cfz poems.zip *.txt will fail because the options c, f, and z are not valid for the zip command. The command cat *.txt | zip poems.zip will try to read the contents of the files ending in .txt from the standard input and create an archive named poems.zip, but this will not preserve the file names or attributes of the original files. Reference:
Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI), section 3.1.1
3.1 Archiving Files on the Command Line - Linux Professional Institute Certification Programs, slide
NEW QUESTION # 46
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