2025 PSK-I exam torrent PSK-I Study Guide
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NEW QUESTION # 10
Leading indicators: (choose the two best answers)
- A. tell us about potential future scenarios in a system.
- B. provide us with early warning signs that allow us to correct course.
- C. help us understand and learn from past activities.
- D. about the history of a system.
Answer: A,B
NEW QUESTION # 11
The Cycle Time metric for a certain Work Item cannot be used:
(choose the best two answers)
- A. As a lagging indicator to the length of the feedback loop for that Work Item.
- B. To help the Scrum Team inspect and adapt their process.
- C. To influence the team's SLE.
- D. As a leading indicator to the length of the feedback loop for that Work Item.
- E. To help the Developers inspect and adapt their Sprint in the Daily Scrum.
Answer: D,E
Explanation:
Cycle Time is a lagging indicator, meaning it can only be measured after a work item is complete. Therefore, it cannot be used as a leading indicator of the length of the feedback loop (Option A). Additionally, Cycle Time is not typically used during the Daily Scrum to help Developers inspect and adapt their Sprint; rather, it is more often used to assess overall process efficiency
NEW QUESTION # 12
Work in Progress (WIP) is NOT considered a leading indicator for which of the following measures? (choose the best answer)
- A. Throughput.
- B. Number of Story Points completed.
- C. Number of Product Backlog items finished in a Sprint.
- D. Cycle time.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 13
True or False: A Scrum Team's future output can be determined with Little's Law.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 14
What might be considered during the Sprint Retrospective once a team decides to supplement their Scrum with Kanban?
(choose the best answer)
- A. All of the answers.
- B. Workflow.
- C. Metrics and charts such as Cumulative Flow Diagram, Cycle Time Scatterplot, and Work Item Aging.
- D. WIP Limit.
- E. Current policies.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 15
What flow metric best indicates when multiple items from the Product Backlog will be finished?
- A. Cycle Time.
- B. Work Item Age.
- C. Throughput.
- D. Work in Progress (WIP).
Answer: A
Explanation:
Cycle Time measures the time it takes for a single work item to go from start to completion. By understanding Cycle Time, a team can forecast when multiple items from the Product Backlog will likely be finished based on the average duration it takes to complete an item. This is essential in Kanban as it provides insight into the delivery timeline and is crucial for planning and predictability within a Scrum context. Reference: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
NEW QUESTION # 16
Which formula best represents Little's Law? (choose the best answer)
- A. Average Work in Progress = Average Cycle Time / Average Throughput.
- B. Average Throughput = Average Cycle Time * Average Work in Progress.
- C. Average Cycle Time = Average Work in Progress / Average Throughput.
- D. Average Throughput = Average Cycle Time / Average Work in Progress.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 17
Which of the following are lagging indicator metrics?
(choose the best three answers)
- A. Throughput.
- B. Cycle Time.
- C. Work in Progress.
- D. Work Item Aging.
- E. Velocity.
Answer: A,B,E
Explanation:
Lagging indicator metrics are metrics that provide information about past performance:
1.Velocity (Option A): This is a measure of the amount of work a Scrum Team completes in a Sprint. It is a lagging indicator because it reflects what has been done rather than predicting future performance.
2.Cycle Time (Option B): This metric measures the time taken to complete a work item from start to finish. It is a lagging indicator because it provides data on how long work items took to complete in the past.
3.Throughput (Option D): This refers to the number of work items completed in a given period. Like Velocity, it reflects past performance and is considered a lagging indicator.
Work in Progress (Option C) and Work Item Aging (Option E) are not lagging indicators:
*Work in Progress (C): is a current state metric that indicates how much work is currently in progress.
*Work Item Aging (E): is a leading indicator, providing insights into how long a work item has been in progress, helping predict delays or bottlenecks
NEW QUESTION # 18
A Service Level Expectation (SLE) forecast is a calculation about the future completion of an item that includes two things. What are those two things?
(Choose the best two answers)
- A. A range of elapsed days.
- B. A probability.
- C. A velocity.
- D. A commitment.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
An SLE indicates the expected time frame within which work items should be completed, expressed as a percentage probability over a specific range of days. This helps Scrum Teams using Kanban to establish realistic expectations about delivery timelines. Reference: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
NEW QUESTION # 19
When using Kanban, it is useful to have explicit policies. What existing elements in the Scrum Guide might be used as explicit policies?
- A. Definition of Ready.
- B. All of the above.
- C. Product Backlog refinement.
- D. Definition of Done.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Kanban emphasizes explicit policies for better transparency and alignment, and elements such as the Definition of Done, Definition of Ready, and Product Backlog refinement can be utilized as explicit policies to clarify the Scrum Team's working agreements. These policies help the team make consistent decisions and streamline their processes. Reference: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams and The Scrum Guide.
NEW QUESTION # 20
Which is the most appropriate metric to look at if you want to determine when an item that that has NOT started might be finished?
- A. Team Velocity.
- B. There is no such metric.
- C. Historical Cycle Times.
- D. Work Item Age.
- E. Team Capacity.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which of the following is NOT a metric of flow for Scrum Teams using Kanban? (choose the best answer)
- A. Work Item Age.
- B. Throughput.
- C. All of the above are flow metrics.
- D. Work in Progress (WIP).
- E. Cycle Time.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 22
How does Kanban for Scrum Teams maximize value delivered?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. By minimizing transaction costs.
- B. By enabling tighter empirical feedback loops via faster Cycle Times.
- C. By minimizing time spent in meetings/events.
- D. By choosing higher-value items to deliver.
- E. By optimizing the flow of value.
Answer: B,E
Explanation:
Kanban for Scrum Teams maximizes value delivered by:
1.Enabling Tighter Empirical Feedback Loops via Faster Cycle Times (Option B):
Kanban practices help Scrum Teams reduce Cycle Times, which is the time it takes for a work item to move from "start" to "finish." Faster Cycle Times mean that feedback on work done is received more quickly, allowing the team to make necessary adjustments sooner. This rapid feedback loop enhances the empirical process control central to Scrum, thus ensuring that the team is always delivering value in line with the needs of stakeholders(
2.Optimizing the Flow of Value (Option C):
Kanban focuses on optimizing the flow of work through the team's process. This is achieved by limiting Work in Progress (WIP) and actively managing flow metrics such as throughput and cycle time. By optimizing flow, teams can ensure that work items are completed efficiently and effectively, minimizing waste and maximizing the delivery of value to the customer( The other options are less accurate:
*Option A: Minimizing time spent in meetings/events is not the primary goal of Kanban; rather, it is about optimizing flow and value delivery.
*Option D: Minimizing transaction costs is more related to Lean principles, but it does not directly address the value delivered as effectively as options B and C.
*Option E: Choosing higher-value items to deliver is part of prioritization, which is more related to Product Backlog management than to Kanban's specific practices
NEW QUESTION # 23
When can a Work in Progress (WIP) Limit change?
(choose the best answer)
- A. At any time.
- B. When the Product Owner decides to change it.
- C. Only during Sprint Planning.
- D. Only during the Daily Scrum.
- E. Only during the Sprint Retrospective.
- F. It never changes.
Answer: A
Explanation:
* Work in Progress (WIP) Limitscan be adjustedat any timeas needed to optimize flow and improve the system's efficiency. The decision to adjust WIP limits is typically informed by the team's observations of flow metrics (e.g., Cycle Time, Throughput, and Work Item Age) or to address bottlenecks or inefficiencies.
Supporting Reasons:
* Kanban's Flexibility:
* Unlike rigid frameworks, Kanban allows for flexibility in changing WIP limits whenever necessary to adapt to evolving conditions.
* Scrum Events:
* Adjustments to WIP limits are often discussed during events like theSprint Retrospectiveor Daily Scrum, but these are not the only times changes can be made.
* Empirical Process Control:
* Teams use transparency, inspection, and adaptation to decide when to change WIP limits based on real-time needs.
Why Not the Other Options?
* B. When the Product Owner decides to change it:
* Incorrect. WIP limits are a team decision and are not controlled solely by the Product Owner.
* C. It never changes:
* Incorrect. WIP limits are not static; they are dynamic and evolve based on team and system needs.
* D. Only during the Sprint Retrospective:
* Incorrect. While the Sprint Retrospective is a common time to discuss adjustments, changes are not restricted to this event.
* E. Only during Sprint Planning:
* Incorrect. Sprint Planning focuses on selecting work for the Sprint, not exclusively on adjusting WIP limits.
* F. Only during the Daily Scrum:
* Incorrect. Adjustments can be made during the Daily Scrum but are not limited to this event.
Adjusting WIP limits at any time ensures the team maintains an optimal flow, a core principle ofThe Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
NEW QUESTION # 24
Scrum Teams using Kanban need to track which four metrics of flow? (choose the best answer)
- A. Work in Progress (WIP), Velocity, Lead Time, Cycle Time.
- B. Throughput, Work in Progress (WIP), Velocity, Lead Time.
- C. Velocity, Lead Time, Cycle Time, Cost.
- D. Work in Progress (WIP), Work Item Age, Throughput, Cycle Time.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 25
True or False: Work Item Age is a leading indicator for the length of the Scrum Team's feedback loop for that (in progress) item.
- A. True
- B. False
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 26
In the context of Scrum, which of the following statements about Cycle Time are true?
(Choose the best two answers)
- A. Average Cycle Time should be shorter than a length of Sprint.
- B. Cycle Time should be exactly the length of a Sprint.
- C. Cycle Time for some Product Backlog items might be longer than a length of Sprint.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Cycle Time measures the time taken to complete individual work items, and while some items might take longer than a Sprint, on average, teams aim to have Cycle Times shorter than the Sprint duration to ensure a smooth flow and regular delivery of value. Reference: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Only a Product Owner and Developers are the needed when applying Kanban in Scrum.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 28
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Scrum PSK-I Certification Exam consists of 80 multiple-choice questions that must be completed within 60 minutes. PSK-I exam is open-book, which means that candidates can refer to the Scrum Guide and the Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams during the exam. However, it is important to note that the exam is not easy and requires a deep understanding of Scrum and Kanban practices to pass.
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